Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 3 de 3
Filter
1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 47(11): 982-989, 11/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-723899

ABSTRACT

Few studies evaluate the amount of particulate matter less than 2.5 mm in diameter (PM2.5) in relation to a change in lung function among adults in a population. The aim of this study was to assess the association of coal as a domestic energy source to pulmonary function in an adult population in inner-city areas of Zunyi city in China where coal use is common. In a cross-sectional study of 104 households, pulmonary function measurements were assessed and compared in 110 coal users and 121 non-coal users (≥18 years old) who were all nonsmokers. Several sociodemographic factors were assessed by questionnaire, and ventilatory function measurements including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), the FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were compared between the 2 groups. The amount of PM2.5 was also measured in all residences. There was a significant increase in the relative concentration of PM2.5 in the indoor kitchens and living rooms of the coal-exposed group compared to the non-coal-exposed group. In multivariate analysis, current exposure to coal smoke was associated with a 31.7% decrease in FVC, a 42.0% decrease in FEV1, a 7.46% decrease in the FEV1/FVC ratio, and a 23.1% decrease in PEFR in adult residents. The slope of lung function decrease for Chinese adults is approximately a 2-L decrease in FVC, a 3-L decrease in FEV1, and an 8 L/s decrease in PEFR per count per minute of PM2.5 exposure. These results demonstrate the harmful effects of indoor air pollution from coal smoke on the lung function of adult residents and emphasize the need for public health efforts to decrease exposure to coal smoke.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects , Coal/toxicity , Lung/physiology , Particulate Matter/toxicity , China , Cities , Cross-Sectional Studies , Forced Expiratory Volume/drug effects , Housing , Particulate Matter/analysis , Respiratory Function Tests , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Smoke/adverse effects , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Vital Capacity/drug effects
2.
J. bras. pneumol ; 34(6): 367-372, jun. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-485896

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver e consolidar uma ampla base de dados acerca da ocorrência das pneumoconioses numa região industrializada do Brasil, com especial referência às atividades mais freqüentemente relacionadas a essas doenças. MÉTODOS: Numa avaliação retrospectiva observacional, coletaram-se dados referentes à casuística ambulatorial das pneumoconioses no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, entre o período de 1978 e 2003. Incluíram-se os indivíduos com diagnóstico de pneumoconiose, com base no histórico ocupacional e no radiograma do tórax, segundo recomendações da Organização Internacional do Trabalho, de 1980 e 2000, com anormalidades compatíveis com comprometimento intersticial do parênquima pulmonar. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 1.147 casos de pneumoconiose (1.075 homens e 72 mulheres), sendo 1.061 casos (92,5 por cento) de silicose, 51 (4,45 por cento) de pneumoconiose por poeira mista, 15 (1,31 por cento) de asbestose, 13 (1,13 por cento) de pneumoconiose por rocha fosfática e 7 (0,61 por cento) de outras pneumoconioses (por carvão, grafite e metais duros). As alterações radiológicas com profusão 1/0, 1/1 e 1/2 e as pequenas opacidades regulares p, q e r foram as mais freqüentes, tendo sido identificados 192 casos (16,74 por cento) com grandes opacidades. Observou-se redução pronunciada da ocorrência dos casos a partir da década de 1990; adicionalmente, o tempo de exposição foi caracteristicamente mais breve do que o observado em série norte-americana. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados do presente estudo estabelecem uma ampla base de dados para a investigação da ocorrência de pneumoconioses numa região industrializada brasileira, tornando factível a realização de estudos de seguimento e a elaboração de políticas de saúde relacionadas aos agravos respiratórios ocupacionais.


OBJECTIVE: To develop and consolidate a comprehensive database on the occurrence of pneumoconioses in an industrialized region of Brazil, with a special focus on the activities most frequently related to these diseases. METHODS: A retrospective, observational study was conducted in order to gather data on cases of pneumoconioses treated at the outpatient clinic of the State University at Campinas Hospital das Clínicas between 1978 and 2003. Individuals diagnosed with pneumoconiosis, based on their occupational history and on chest X-ray findings of abnormalities consistent with interstitial lung disease involving the parenchyma, in accordance with the 1980 and 2000 recommendations of the International Labour Organization, were included in the study. RESULTS: A total of 1147 cases of pneumoconiosis were identified (1075 in males and 72 in females): 1061 cases of silicosis (92.5 percent); 51 cases of mixed-dust pneumoconiosis (4.45 percent); 15 cases of asbestosis (1.31 percent); 13 cases of phosphate rock-related pneumoconiosis (1.13 percent); and 7 cases of other types of pneumoconiosis (0.6 percent), including those related to exposure to coal, graphite and hard metals. The most common chest X-ray findings were 1/0, 1/1 or 1/2 profusion and small regular opacities (p, q or r), although 192 patients (16.74 percent) presented large opacities. There has been a substantial decline in the occurrence of the disease since the 1990s, and the duration of exposure was typically shorter than that observed in a study conducted in the United States. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings have been compiled into a comprehensive database for the investigation of pneumoconiosis in an industrialized area of Brazil. These data make it possible to conduct follow-up studies and develop health policies related to occupational respiratory disorders.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Pneumoconiosis/epidemiology , Air Pollutants, Occupational/toxicity , Asbestosis/epidemiology , Asbestosis/etiology , Asbestosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Ceramics , Coal/toxicity , Dust , Geologic Sediments , Graphite/toxicity , Industry , Metals, Heavy/toxicity , Phosphates/toxicity , Pneumoconiosis/etiology , Pneumoconiosis , Retrospective Studies , Silicosis/epidemiology , Silicosis/etiology , Silicosis , Time Factors
3.
Rev. saúde pública ; 35(2): 136-41, abr. 2001. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-283219

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre o impacto ambiental decorrente da extração de carvão e sua repercussão na saúde reprodutiva de uma população, residente em pequenas cidades do Sul do Brasil, pela observação da freqüência de defeitos congênitos nos recém-nascidos. Métodos: Foram monitoradas as freqüências de oito defeitos congênitos em 10.391 nascidos vivos, ocorridos no período de janeiro de 1985 a dezembro de 1995 em um hospital localizado no município de São Jerônimo, RS. Destes, foram selecionados oito maiores defeitos congênitos, e a análise de suas prevalências ao nascimento visou reduzir os possíveis erros-diagnósticos. As taxas de defeitos congênitos foram comparadas às de outros hospitais geograficamente próximos e às fornecidas pelo Estudo Colaborativo Latino-Americano de Malformações Congênitas (ECLAMC) para a América Latina. Resultados/Conclusões: As freqüências observadas não diferiram das encontradas em hospitais regionais e no ECLAMC. O pequeno número de crianças avaliadas mostra apenas algumas tendências, concluindo serem necessários outros estudos mais profundos


Subject(s)
Congenital Abnormalities/etiology , Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology , Coal/toxicity , Environmental Hazards , Coal Mining
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL